Showing posts with label Quixote. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Quixote. Show all posts

Sunday, October 6, 2013

DQ - an elderly, insane Messiah




Capítulo II.
Hechas, pues, estas prevenciones , no quiso aguardar más tiempo a poner en efecto su pensamiento, apretándole a ello la falta que él pensaba que hacía en el mundo su tardanza , según eran los agravios que pensaba deshacer, tuertos que enderezar , sinrazones que enmendar, y abusos que mejorar , y deudas que satisfacer. Y así, sin dar parte a una de su intención, y sin que nadie le viese, una mañana, antes del día (que era uno de los calurosos del mes de julio) se armó de todas sus armas, subió sobre Rocinante, puesta su mal compuesta celada, embrazó su adarga, tomó su lanza, y por la puerta falsa de un corral salió al campo, con grandísimo contento y alborozo de ver con cuánta facilidad había dado principio a su buen deseo. Mas apenas se vio en el campo, cuando le asaltó un pensamiento terrible, y tal, que por poco le hiciera dejar la comenzada empresa; y fue que le vino a la memoria que no era armado caballero, y que, conforme a ley de caballería, ni podía ni debía tomar armas con ningún caballero; y puesto que lo fuera, había de llevar armas blancas como novel caballero, sin empresa en el escudo, hasta que por su esfuerzo la ganase. Estos pensamientos le hicieron titubear en su propósito; mas, pudiendo más su locura que otra razón alguna, propuso de hacerse armar caballero del primero que topase, a imitación de otros muchos que así lo hicieron , según él había leído en los libros que tal le tenían. En lo de las armas blancas pensaba limpiarlas de manera , en teniendo lugar, que lo fuesen más que un armiño; y con esto se quietó y prosiguió su camino, sin llevar otro que aquel que su caballo quería , creyendo que en aquello consistía la fuerza de las aventuras.
These preliminaries settled, he did not care to put off any longer the execution of his design, urged on to it by the thought of all the world was losing by his delay, seeing what wrongs he intended to right, grievances to redress, injustices to repair, abuses to remove, and duties to discharge. So, without giving notice of his intention to anyone, and without anybody seeing him, one morning before the dawning of the day (which was one of the hottest of the month of July) he donned his suit of armour, mounted Rocinante with his patched-up helmet on, braced his buckler, took his lance, and by the back door of the yard sallied forth upon the plain in the highest contentment and satisfaction at seeing with what ease he had made a beginning with his grand purpose. But scarcely did he find himself upon the open plain, when a terrible thought struck him, one all but enough to make him abandon the enterprise at the very outset. It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms against any knight; and that even if he had been, still he ought, as a novice knight, to wear white armour, without a device upon the shield until by his prowess he had earned one. These reflections made him waver in his purpose, but his craze being stronger than any reasoning, he made up his mind to have himself dubbed a knight by the first one he came across, following the example of others in the same case, as he had read in the books that brought him to this pass. As for white armour, he resolved, on the first opportunity, to scour his until it was whiter than an ermine; and so comforting himself he pursued his way, taking that which his horse chose, for in this he believed lay the essence of adventures.
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In chapter two, don Quixote mounts up, rides out of his modest hacienda, for the first time as a knight-errant.
Cervantes intends the reader to develop considerable sympathy for Quixote. 
Quixote has prepared in earnest but inadequately for whatever challenges he may face.
Consider the possibility that Quixote is being presented as a Christian (not Jewish) messianic figure: 
Quixote:
- has assumed a new identity; 
- intends to do good throughout the world by conquering evil; 
- takes on the role of a majestic sufferer; 
- is confident of his ultimate vindication, despite all obstacles;
- awaits proper authoritative sanction, before he can undertake his mission across the earth. 
- relies on cosmic direction, by letting his horse pick the route. 
All of this is revealed in Chapter two, in the first paragraph.
True, Quixote is middle age which doesn't fit messianic notions. 
True also, Cervantes insists that Quixote has lost his mind.

But in this satire, Cervantes is willing to undermine the traditional messianic ideal by presenting to the world, an elderly, insane Messiah.

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Satire? Sure but then again . . .

Chapter One

En un lugar de la Mancha, de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme, no ha mucho tiempo que vivía un hidalgo . . .

"Some place in the Stain, whose name I can't even recall, not too long ago, there lived a man of some rank . . .

The first sentence of chapter one suggests that the writer is not going to be concerned about fixing events and persons in precise quadrants. 


The reader is invited to take a relaxed attitude toward time and place. Or is this casual approach a protective conceit, which serves to locate the fanciful narrative in Cervantes' present?

Early on - in this first sentence - the reader is invited to laugh along with Cervantes, as he pokes fun at the very characters he is in process of inventing. 


The main character lives in an unknown spot, in an area known as La Mancha -  "the Stain" - which was an actual if nondescript region of Spain. (But which, made famous by Cervantes, has achieved a touristic lustre ever since.)

Don Quijote is locally prominent - an "hidalgo" - a reputable title, when part 1 of this work was published in 1605. 

But hidalgo began life as a form of derision - hijo de algo - 'son of something or other.' Is Cervantes ridiculing Quijote? If so, then Cervantes' Quijote stands as a representative of . . . whom?

Quijote is also known by a prior name before he re-invents himself as "Don Quijote." Cervantes goes to some effort to confuse his main character's actual name, which might have been related to 'cheese' or some other less-than-noble surname. Cervantes seems to settle on Quijana but moves quickly to the idea that Don Quijote is the most meaningful personage, even though the name is an invention of Sr. Quijana.

Quijote, as the name is written today, was written as Quixote, in Cervantes' first edition. Experts suggest that in the Spanish language of Cervantes' time, X and J shared a fluid, common sound, settled in Spanish today as J - which in English is translated as the H sound. Quijote.

-ote is a suffix which exaggerates an undesirable quality. Grandote - a hulking guy; gordote - a fatso. Here is one more indication that Cervantes is playing around. Reminds me of Mark Twain's bemused commentary on the passing scene.

By the end of the chapter, we are told that Quixote has gone nuts, having read far too much of the knights-errant romances, which was fashionable in Spain in the century prior to Cervantes publishing of DQ. 


Con estas y semejantes razones perdía el pobre caballero el juicio, y desvelábase por entenderlas, y desentrañarles el sentido, que no se lo sacara, ni las entendiera el mismo Aristóteles, si resucitara para sólo ello.
"With these and similar causes the poor gentleman lost his reason, and lay awake, striving to understand them and work out their meaning, but which could not have been figured out or understood by Aristotle himself even if he had been raised from the dead for no other purpose."
Insanity, described in this way, signals that Cervantes is having fun at Quijote's expense - 'this guy is nuts but let's enjoy what insanity may or may not mean, as the story unfolds.'

DQ is satire - characters and episodes are shape shifting entities. Cervantes has given himself plenty of scope to play again and again with his own characterizations of his own invented personages.